Where: Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda.
Crisis type:Famine
Who’s affected: Mainly children
How you can help: Donate money, food, time DONATE NOW
Hard facts: One child is dying every six minutes from malnutrition and disease brought on by the devastating famine that is sweeping across Eastern Africa at the moment. That’s 240 children needlessly dying of hunger every day.

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Fast Facts

NAIROBI, 5 August 2011 (IRIN) – The Horn of Africa is facing what has been called the worst drought in 60 years, with an estimated 12.4 million people urgently needing food.

Here are some points about the ongoing food crisis:

When to use the “F” word – Although some media reports have described the food crises in Kenya and Uganda as a famine, the UN says only five areas of southern Somalia are at that stage. The UN uses a system called the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), which is a standardized tool.

The IPC uses five phases to classify the different levels of food insecurity:

• Level one is generally food secure;
• Level two is moderately/borderline food insecure;
• Level three refers to an acute food and livelihood crisis;
• Level four is a humanitarian emergency – severe lack of food access, death due to hunger, malnutrition and irreversible livestock asset stripping;
• Level five – famine or humanitarian catastrophe – occurs when there is a complete lack of food access and mass starvation, death and displacement.

According to the UN World Food Programme (WFP), Kenya is facing a humanitarian emergency, but is not at the famine phase. Parts of northern and northeastern Uganda are in phase two. Much of southern Ethiopia is in the emergency phase, while central and northern areas of the country are divided between phases two and three. And refugee camps in Kenya and Ethiopia are packed to the brim. Camps that were built to hold 90,000 are overflowing at capacities exceeding 370,000.

Looking back – There have been 42 droughts in the Horn of Africa since 1980, affecting an estimated 109 million people; with 47 million people experiencing drought in the region in the last decade alone. The most well-known famine took place in Ethiopia in 1984; some estimates put the death toll as high as one million.

Surprisingly fertile – Somalia’s Lower Shabelle region, one of the areas now hit by famine, is traditionally the country’s bread basket, its main maize-producing area. In the past, the country produced enough grain to meet its basic market requirements. However, a combination of conflict – leading to displacement of many farmers and traders – and poor rains in recent years has drastically reduced production. In 2010, for instance, despite good Gu rains – from April to June – local cereals only supplied about 40 percent of national consumption needs.

Charity begins at home – While most of the US$2.4 billion required to feed people affected by the food crisis will come from rich countries, local populations and the diaspora are also doing their bit. Just one week after it began, the Kenyans for Kenya initiative has already raised more than $1.3 million from private citizens using mobile cash transfer services and taking donations of as little as $0.10; the first consignment of food was sent from the capital, Nairobi, on 31 July.

According to media reports, remittances from the Somali diaspora to the worst-hit areas in the south of the country are up by 10 percent.

Feeding the malnourished – By the time help reaches them, many adults and children require therapeutic feeding to regain their strength and get back to a healthy weight. Some of the products WFP uses to improve the nutritional intake of drought-affected people are:

• Fortified blended foods: Blends of partially pre-cooked and milled cereals, soya, beans, pulses fortified with vitamins and minerals. These are usually mixed with water and cooked as porridge and provide about 380 Kcal per 100g. The most commonly used FBF is corn soya blend.
• Ready-to-use foods: According to WFP, these are better suited to meet the nutritional needs of young and moderately malnourished children than fortified blended foods. Mainly used in emergency operations and designed to be eaten in small quantities as a supplement to the regular diet, ready-to-use foods such as Plumpy’doz contain peanut paste, vegetable fat, skimmed milk powder, whey and sugar; 100g provides more than 500 Kcal.
• High-energy biscuits: These wheat-based biscuits, which provide 450 Kcal per 100g, are fortified with vitamins and minerals and are usually used early on in emergency feeding programme, before cooking facilities are widely available.
• Sprinkles – This is a tasteless powder containing the recommended daily intake of 16 vitamins and minerals for one person; it can be sprinkled on to home-prepared food after cooking. Compressed food bars – made from baked wheat flour, vegetable fat, sugar, soya protein concentrate and malt extract, these bars are used in disaster relief operations when local food cannot be distributed or prepared. They can be eaten as a bar straight from the package or crumbled into water and eaten as porridge, and contain 250 Kcal and 8.1g of protein per 56g bar.

Belanesh, 8, her twin brothers Endeas and Galatea and their mother, Kabiwish, 30, from the Wondogenet area of SNNPR

Belanesh: “I am here because I am hungry. My father is very sick and can’t farm. The babies are not well. My mother is not able to feed them properly. I carry one for her, while she takes the other. They are quite heavy and they cry. My stomach feels empty. Sometimes I am quite sad as I’m hungry. But I am trying to help my mother. I am also getting sick. The babies are coughing – they are not well.”

Kabiwish: “There is no milk in the breast for my babies. I feel a lot on myself. I have to support my husband. I am ill from malaria, but I am in charge of finding food for the house. There is so much more load on mothers and women. Women are more vulnerable in every way. We have to care for the family, and we do not have time to care for ourselves. Look around here at this centre. There are no men here to collect food, just women with their children. As I am breastfeeding, it is even an extra responsibility. Plan is giving me some extra food, to try to make me healthy enough to feed my babies.” Photo by Plan International

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